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Ischemic Stroke: Causes, Symptoms and More

The brain is our control center and every thought, movement, and heartbeat depends on a steady flow of oxygen-rich blood. When that flow is suddenly interrupted, the effects can be devastating. This is what happens during an ischemic stroke, the most common type of stroke affecting millions worldwide.

An ischemic stroke occurs when the blood flow to a part of the brain is blocked, depriving brain cells of oxygen and nutrients. This blockage is usually caused by a blood clot or plaque build-up in the arteries supplying the brain. Without quick treatment, brain cells begin to die within minutes. This type of stroke accounts for around 85% of all strokes, making it the most common form.

There are two main types of ischemic stroke; thrombotic and embolic.

A thrombotic stroke occurs when a clot forms within a blood vessel in the brain itself, often due to fatty deposits or plaque that narrow the arteries. An embolic stroke, on the other hand, happens when a clot forms elsewhere in the body, usually in the heart, and travels through the bloodstream to the brain, blocking a vital artery.

Several factors increase the risk of an ischemic stroke. High blood pressure remains the leading cause, followed by high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, and excessive alcohol use. Heart conditions like atrial fibrillation, a sedentary lifestyle, and poor dietary habits also contribute significantly to stroke risk.

The symptoms of an ischemic stroke often appear suddenly. A useful way to remember the warning signs is through the F.A.S.T. acronym: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, and Time to call emergency services immediately.

Other symptoms may include confusion, vision loss, dizziness, or a sudden severe headache. Recognizing these signs early and seeking medical help without delay can save lives and minimize long-term damage.

Immediate medical attention is critical in treating an ischemic stroke. Doctors usually perform imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI to confirm the type of stroke and its location. The main goal of treatment is to restore blood flow to the affected part of the brain. This may involve administering clot-busting drugs like tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) if given within a few hours of symptom onset. In some cases, a procedure known as mechanical thrombectomy is performed to physically remove the clot using a catheter.

Recovery from an ischemic stroke depends on the severity of brain damage, but timely and structured rehabilitation can help patients regain function and independence. A comprehensive rehab program often includes physiotherapy to improve mobility and strength, occupational therapy to relearn daily skills, and speech therapy to restore language and communication abilities. Psychological support also plays a crucial role in helping patients and their families cope with emotional and behavioral changes that may follow a stroke.

An ischemic stroke is a medical emergency, but with early recognition, timely treatment, and continued rehabilitation, survival and recovery outcomes can be greatly improved.

At Sukino, we provide comprehensive stroke rehabilitation programs designed to help patients rebuild their lives one step at a time — physically, mentally, and emotionally.